Understanding Dental Health in Pets

At Companion Animal Hospital, we emphasize the importance of routine dental care to keep your pet healthy and comfortable. Dental disease is one of the most common health issues in dogs and cats, yet it often goes unnoticed until it becomes severe. Over time, plaque and tartar buildup can lead to gum infections, tooth loss, and even systemic health problems. Understanding the stages of dental disease can help pet owners take proactive steps to prevent painful conditions and improve their pet’s quality of life.

Stage 1: Plaque Buildup and Gingivitis

The earliest stage of dental disease begins with plaque accumulation on the teeth. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms after eating, which, if not removed, hardens into tartar. Gingivitis, or gum inflammation, may develop, causing redness and mild swelling along the gumline. Pets at this stage may have mild bad breath, but no significant pain or damage has occurred yet. Daily brushing and professional cleanings can reverse gingivitis before it progresses.

Stage 2: Early Periodontal Disease

If plaque and tartar continue to build up, they begin to irritate and infect the gums. At this stage, you may notice more pronounced bad breath, increased gum redness, and mild discomfort when your pet eats. Small pockets may form between the teeth and gums, allowing bacteria to spread below the gumline. Without intervention, this can lead to irreversible damage.

Stage 3: Moderate Periodontal Disease

By this stage, dental disease is more advanced, and pets may experience significant pain and inflammation. Bacteria beneath the gumline begin to destroy the tissue and supporting structures of the teeth. Gums may bleed, teeth may loosen, and pets often show signs of discomfort, such as chewing on one side of the mouth or avoiding hard food. Professional dental cleanings, along with possible extractions, may be necessary to prevent further progression.

Stage 4: Severe Periodontal Disease

In the final stage, severe infections can develop, leading to abscesses, tooth loss, and widespread gum recession. Bacteria from the mouth can enter the bloodstream, affecting the heart, liver, and kidneys. Pets with advanced dental disease often have difficulty eating, experience chronic pain, and may even show behavioral changes due to discomfort. At this point, urgent veterinary care is required, including extractions and deep cleaning to prevent further health complications.

Preventing Dental Disease in Pets

The best way to protect your pet from dental disease is through regular preventive care. Brushing your pet’s teeth, providing dental chews, and scheduling annual dental exams can help reduce plaque buildup and keep their mouth healthy. Professional cleanings remove tartar and allow veterinarians to catch dental issues before they progress to more serious stages. Early intervention ensures your pet remains comfortable and avoids the need for extensive dental procedures later in life.

Schedule Your Pet’s Dental Exam Today

February is right around the corner, making it the perfect time to prioritize your pet’s oral health. At Companion Animal Hospital, we provide thorough dental exams and cleanings to keep your pet’s teeth and gums healthy. Contact us today to schedule an appointment and help your pet enjoy a lifetime of healthy smiles.